HIST 423 traces how religion and political authority co-evolved across Europe and the Ottoman world from the late Middle Ages to the eve of modernity, treating faith less as doctrine and more as an instrument that shaped monarchies, empires, and the boundary between "East" and "West." You'll read across Febvre, Bisaha, and Calic, debate weekly themes from the Tudor sacrament of monarchy to the Tanzimat reforms, sit a take-home midterm, and write an original research paper. It's a reading- and writing-heavy upper-level history elective that rewards students already comfortable with primary-source analysis and pays off if you're heading toward Ottoman, Mediterranean, or early modern European studies.
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In class attendance: not more than 10 hours of absence. Midterm: not lower than 20/30. The Midterm exam will be a take-home exercise where the students have to demonstrate their critical and argumentatives skills in answering selected questions from the lectures and to synthesize their arguments in one coherent essay with a minimum range between 3'000 and 3'500 words.