History of Ottoman Diplomacy

A graduate seminar tracing how the Ottomans handled foreign relations across six centuries, from dictating terms at the height of empire to negotiating from weakness after the 18th century and finally building a modern foreign ministry. You'll read sefaretnames, treaties, and secondary literature on turning points like the Berlin Congress and the Balkan Wars, then produce an original research paper and present it to the seminar. Useful background for anyone planning to work on late Ottoman or early Republican history, since most of the period's political and reform debates run through its diplomatic record.