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IR 439

Turkish Foreign Policy

Turkish foreign policy isn't a fixed doctrine but a century-long negotiation between geography, regime change, and shifting great-power orders, and this seniors' seminar traces how Ankara's room to maneuver has expanded and contracted from the late Ottoman collapse through the AKP era. You'll work through Hale's textbook alongside journal articles on episodes like the 1945 Soviet crisis, the Cyprus interventions, and the post-2002 turn, then synthesize that reading into a midterm and final essay rather than exams. As a capstone for the IR track, it's where the theoretical machinery from earlier courses gets tested against a single state's actual decisions, which matters because most debates about Turkey's place in the world today are really arguments about which historical pattern is repeating.

Kredi3ECTS5FakülteFaculty of Economics, Administrative, and Social SciencesBölümInternational RelationsKoordinatörCan ÖztaşMüfredatY4 Güz

Haftalık müfredat 14 hafta

Hafta 114–20 Eyl
Giriş: syllabus ve Osmanlı'nın son yılları
INTRODUCTION: SYALLBUS & FINAL YEARS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE • Hale, Chapter 1. • Ayla Göl, “The Requirements of European International Society: Modernity and Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire.”
syllabusHale Bölüm 1Ayla Gölmodernity and nationalism
Hafta 221–27 Eyl
Atatürk dönemi dış politikası
ATATÜRK'S FOREIGN POLICY: -William Hale, Chapter 2. -Dilek Barlas & Şuhnaz Yılmaz, “Rethinking strategic alignment: the great powers’ wedging and Turkey’s balancing strategies,” Turkish Studies 23, no. 3 (2022): 430-449. -Seçkin Barış Gülmez, “Turkish Foreign Policy as an Anomaly: Revisionism and Irredentism Through Diplomacy in the 1930s,” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 44, no. 1 (2017): 30-47.
William Hale Bölüm 2strategic alignmentbalancing strategyrevisionism ve irredentism
Hafta 328 Eyl – 4 Eki
II. Dünya Savaşı ve Savaş Sonrası Düzen, 1939-1949
WWII AND THE POST-BELLUM ORDER, 1939-1949 • Hale, Chapter 3. • Onur İsçi, “The Massigli Affair and its Context: Turkish Foreign Policy after the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact,” Journal of Contemporary History (2019): 1-26. • Behlül Özkan, “The 1945 Turkish-Soviet Crisis: Devising a Foundational Myth for Turkish Foreign Policy,” Russia in Global Affairs 2 (2020).
WWIIMolotov-Ribbentrop Pact1945 Türk-Sovyet kriziTürk dış politikası
Hafta 45–11 Eki
Erken Soğuk Savaş'ta Türkiye (1950-1960)
TURKEY DURING THE EARLY COLD WAR, 1950-1960 • Hale, Chapter 4. • Ayşegül Sever, ‘The Compliant Ally? Turkey and the West in the Middle East, 1954-58,” Middle Eastern Studies 34, no.2 (1998):73-90. • Süleyman Seydi, “Making a Cold War in the Near East: Turkey and the Origins of the Cold War, 1945-1947,” Diplomacy & Statecraft 17, no. 1 (2006): 113-141.
Hale, Bölüm 4Soğuk Savaş'ın kökenleriTürkiye-Batı ilişkileriOrta Doğu 1954-58
Hafta 512–18 Eki
Détente döneminde Türk dış politikası (1961-1980)
TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY DURING DÉTENTE, 1961-1980 • Hale, Chapter 5. • Özgür Özdamar and Okhan Ercıyas, “Turkey and Cyprus: A Poliheuristic Analysis of Decisions during the Crises of 1964, 1967, and 1974,” Foreign Policy Analysis, (2019). • Seçkin Barış Gülmez, “From Indifference to Independence: Turkey’s Shifting Cyprus policy in the 1950s,” Middle Eastern Studies 56, no. 5 (2020): 744-758. • Lyndon B. Johnson and İsmet İnönu, “President Johnson and Prime Minister İnönü: Correspondence between President Johnson and Prime Minister İnönü, June 1964,” The Middle East Journal (1966): 386-393.
Hale, Bölüm 5Kıbrıs krizleri 1964-1967-1974Johnson-İnönü yazışmasıpoliheuristic analysis
Hafta 619–25 Eki
Marjinallikten Merkeze Türk Dış Politikası, 1981-2001
FROM MARGINALITY TO CENTRALITY, 1981-2001 • Hale, Chapter 6. • Sabri Sayari,” Turkish Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Era: The Challenges of Multi-Regionalism,” Journal of International Affairs 54, no. 1 (2000):169-82.
Turkish foreign policypost-Cold Warmulti-regionalismHale Bölüm 6
Hafta 726 Eki – 1 Kas
AKP dönemi Türk dış politikası I
TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY SINCE THE AKP I • Kemal Kirisci, “The Transformation of Turkish Foreign Policy: The Rise of the Trading State,” New Perspectives on Turkey 40 (2009): 29-56. • Behlül Özkan, “Turkey, Davutoglu and the idea of pan-Islamism,” Survival 56, no. 4 (2014): 119-140
trading stateDavutoğlupan-İslamizm
Hafta 82–8 Kas
AKP dönemi Türk dış politikası II
TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY SINCE THE AKP II • Süleymanoglu-Kürüm, Rahime. “The Sociology of Diplomats and Foreign Policy Sector: The Role of Cliques on the Policy-Making Process.” Political Studies Review, (2020). • Berkay Gülen, “Turf Wars in Foreign Policy Bureaucracy: Rivalry between the Government and the Bureaucracy in Turkish Foreign Policy,” Foreign Policy Analysis 18, no. 4 (2022).
diplomatların sosyolojisiclique'lerin rolüdış politika bürokrasisiturf wars
Hafta 99–15 Kas
Komşular ve rakipler: Türk-Yunan ilişkileri
NEIGHBORS AND RIVALS • Hale, Chapter 9. • Hakkı Taş, “The Formulation and Implementation of Populist Foreign Policy: Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean,” Mediterranean Politics 27, no. 5 (2020): 563-87. • Ioannis N. Grigoriadis, “Between escalation and détente: Greek-Turkish relations in the aftermath of the Eastern Mediterranean crisis,” Turkish Studies 23, no. 5 (2022): 802-820. • Nikos Christofis. “Securitizing the Aegean: de-Europeanizing Greek-Turkish relations,” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 22, no. 1 (2022): 83-100.
Hale Bölüm 9populist foreign policyDoğu Akdeniz krizide-Europeanization
Hafta 1016–22 Kas
Türk-Amerikan ilişkileri ve ittifakın seyri
TURKISH-AMERICAN RELATIONS • Hale, Chapter 7. • Barıs Kesgin and Juliet Kaarbo, “When and How Parliaments Influence Foreign Policy: The Case of Turkey’s Iraq Decision,” International Studies Perspectives 11, no.1 (2010): 19-36. • Didem Buhari Gulmez, “The resilience of the US-Turkey alliance: divergent threat perceptions and worldviews,” Contemporary Politics 26, No. 4 (2020): 475-492. • Mehtap Kara, “Turkish-American Strategic Partnership: Is Turkey Still a Faithful Ally?,” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies (2023).
Turkish-American relationsHale Bölüm 7Turkey's Iraq DecisionUS-Turkey alliance
Hafta 1123–29 Kas
Türkiye'nin AB üyelik yönelimi
TURKEY’S EU VOCATION • Hale, Chapter 8. • Senem Aydın-Düzgit and Alper Kaliber, “Encounters with Europe in an Era of Domestic and International Turmoil: Is Turkey a De-Europeanising Candidate Country?” South European Society and Politics 21, no. 1 (2016): 1-14. • Beken Saatçioğlu, “The European Union’s Refugee Crisis and Rising Functionalism in EU-Turkey Relations,” Turkish Studies (2019). • Alper Kaliber and Esra Kaliber, “From De-Europeanisation to Anti-Western Populism: Turkish Foreign Policy in Flux,” The International Spectator 54, no. 4 (2019), pp. 1-16.
Hale, Bölüm 8de-EuropeanisationAB-Türkiye mülteci krizianti-Western populism
Hafta 1230 Kas – 6 Ara
Türkiye, Rusya ve Avrasya
TURKEY, RUSSIA, AND EURASIA • Hale, Chapter 10. • Seçkin Köstem, “Russian-Turkish cooperation in Syria: geopolitical alignment with limits,” Cambridge Review of International Affairs (2020). • Paul Kubicek, “Structural dynamics, pragmatism, and shared grievances: explaining Russian-Turkish relations,” Turkish Studies 23, no. 5 (2022), pp. 784-801. • Meliha B. Altunışık, “Turkey’s ‘Return’ to Central Asia in a Shifting Global and Regional Context: New Opportunities and Limitations,” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 26, no. 5 (2024), pp. 716-731.
Hale, Bölüm 10Suriye'de Rus-Türk işbirliğijeopolitik hizalanmaOrta Asya'ya dönüş
Hafta 137–13 Ara
Türkiye'nin Orta Doğu politikası
TURKEY AND THE MIDDLE EAST • Hale, Chapter 11. • Birce Altıok and Salih Tosun, “Understanding foreign policy strategies during migration movements: a comparative study of Iraqi and Syrian mass refugee inflows to Turkey,” Turkish Studies 21, no. 5 (2021): 684-704. • Ersel Aydınlı and Onur Erpul, “Elite Change and the Inception, Duration, and Demise of the Turkish-Israeli Alliance,” Foreign Policy Analysis 17, no. 2 (2021): 1-21. • Birol Başkan, “Turkey between Qatar and Saudi Arabia: Changing Regional and Bilateral Relations,” Uluslararasi Iliskiler 16, no. 62 (2019): 85-99. • Meliha B. Altunışık, “Domestic Sources of AKP’s Foreign Policy Toward the MENA Region: Ideology and Pragmatism,” in Özkeçeci-Taner, B., Akgül Açıkmeşe, S. (eds) One Hundred Years of Turkish Foreign Policy (1923-2023) (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023).
Hale, Bölüm 11mülteci akınları ve dış politikaTürkiye-İsrail ittifakıAKP'nin MENA politikası
Hafta 1414–20 Ara
Türk Dış Politikası ve Güncel Krizler
CURRENT CRISES • Ariel González Levaggi, Federico Donelli, “Turkey's changing engagement with the global South,” International Affairs 97, no. 4 (2021): 1105-1124. • Mustafa Kutlay, Ziya Öniş, “Turkish foreign policy in a post-western order: strategic autonomy or new forms of dependence?” International Affairs 97, no. 4 (2021): 1085-1104. • Hüseyin Emrah Karaoğu and Mustafa Kutlay, “The Ties That Don’t Bind: Trading State Debates and Role of State Capacity in Turkish Foreign Policy,” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 23, no. 2 (2022), pp. 409-29. • Ertan Erol, “The Decline of Turkey as a Subimperialist Power: Political Economy of the Turkish Foreign Policy under AKP Rule,” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies (2024): 1-16.
Global Southstratejik özerkliktrading statestate capacity

Değerlendirme 80% · 2 adım

35%
45%
Midterm:Essay/written Conceptual knowledge, empirical analysis 35%
Final:Essay/written Conceptual knowledge, empirical analysis 45%
en büyük tek kalem %45 · sınav ağırlığı %100 · 47 dönem ortalaması 2.92 (3778 öğrenci) nasıl hesaplanıyor

Önerilen kaynaklar 1 kitap

📕
Zorunlu
Turkish Foreign Policy since 1774
William Hale
2012 · Routledge

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