Modernization of the Ottoman Empire:1800-1923

Introduction (Context, Approaches) * Faroghi, Suraiya, Approaching Ottoman History: An Introduction to the Sources (Cambridge: 1999)

Theory and Settings, Modernity: European or Unique? * S. N. Eisenstadt, “Introduction: historical traditions, Modernization and Development,” in Patterns of Modernity Vol. I pp. 1-11. * Francois Bourricaud, “Modernity, ‘Universal Reference’ and the Process of Modernization,” in Patterns of Modernity Vol. I pp. 12-21. * Waters, Malcolm, Modernity: critical concepts, (London: Routledge, 1999). I. M. Lapidus, Islam and Modernity, in S. N. Eisenstadt, Patterns of Modernity Vol. I pp. 89-115. * Albert Hourani, ”Ottoman Reform and the Politics of Notables.” Other Interpretations: * Virginia H. Aksan and Daniel Goffman, eds., The early modern Ottomans: remapping the Empire, (Cambridge University Press, 2007) [DR501.E27 2007].

Ottomans’ unsolved dilemma: Military modernization * Stanford J. Shaw, “The Origins of Ottoman Military Reform: The Nizam-i Cedid Army of Sultan Selim III” The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 37, No. 3 (Sep., 1965), pp. 291-306 Accessible at: [http://www.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2801(196509)37%3A3%3C291%3ATOOOMR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P] * Avigdor Levy, Military Reform and the Problem of Centralization in the Ottoman Empire in the Eighteenth Century, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Jul., 1982), pp. 227-249 * Zurcher, Erik-Jan, “The Ottoman Conscription System in Theory and Practice, 1844, 1918,” International Review of Social History 43 (3) (1998), pp. 437-449. * Agoston, Gabor, Guns for the Sultan: Military Power and the Weapons Industry in the Ottoman Empire, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005).

State and bureaucracy * İlber Ortaylı, İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı. * Kemal Karpat, “The transformation of the Ottoman State” IJMES 3 (1972), 243-281. * Carter Findley, Bureaucratic Reform in the Ottoman Empire The Sublime Porte 1789, 1922.

Commerce, Trade and Economy * Robert Mantran, “XVIII. Yuxyilda Osmanli Imparatorlugunda Ticaretin Donusumu,” in L'Empire Ottoman Du Xvie Au Xviiie Siecle: Administration, Economie, Societe (Variorum Reprint, 1984), pp. 137, 152. * “Tanzimattan Evvel Devlet İstikrazları.” * 3. The Expansion of Trade with Europe 1800, 1850, pp. 83, 99. * 4. The Ottoman Road to Bankruptcy and the Anatolian Economy 1850, 1881, pp. 100-121. * 8. Anatolia and Istanbul 1881-1914, pp. 189, 215. all in: Roger Owen, The Middle East in the World Economy (I. B. Tauris & Co Ltd: London, New York, 1993).

Tanzimat: Law * Original texts in Ottoman Turkish [] Sened-i Ittifak [] Gulhane Hatt-i Humayunu [] Islahat Fermani [] 1876 Constitution * Mustafa Resit Belgesay, “Tanzimat ve Adliye Teskilati,” in Tanzimat 2 vols. __ * Stanford J. Shaw, The Central Legislative Councils in the Nineteenth Century Ottoman Reform Movement before 1876 International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Jan., 1970), pp. 51-84 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/162065] * Ostrorog, Leon, comte, Pour La Reforme de la Justice Ottomane: Rapports-Exposes des Motifs-Avant-Projets de Lois, (Paris: A.Pedone, 1912).

Tanzimat: New Ideas & Ideologies * J. Landau, Pan-Turkism in the Ottoman Empire, in Pan Turkism pp. 29-57. Şerif Mardin, “Yeni Osmanlı Düşüncesi,” * Gökhan Çetinsaya, “Kalemiye’den Mülkiye’ye Tanzimat Zihniyeti,” * Cemil Koçak, “Yeni Osmanlılar ve Birinci Meşrutiyet,” * Şerif Mardin, “Religion and Secularism in Turkey” in The Modern Middle East pp. 347, 374. Recommended: *Mardin, Şerif, The Genesis of Young Ottoman Thought: A Study in the Modernization of Turkish Political Ideas, (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1962). Chapters I & X. *Feroz Ahmad, War and Society under the Young Turks, 1908, 1918,” in The Modern Middle East pp. 125, 143. *Namık Kemal, Renan Müdafaanamesi.

Institutions * Cahit Bilim, “Tercüme Odası,” * Aksan, Virgina H., The Ottoman Military and State Transformation in a Globalizing World,” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and The Middle East Vol. 27, No. 2, 2007. * Walter F. Weiker, “The Ottoman Bureaucracy: Modernization and Reform,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.13, No.3 (December 1968)] [RPB1447] * Nurullah Karta, “19. Yüzyıl Osmanlı İmparatorşuğu’nda Yeni Vergilendirme Çalışmaları ve Mali Yapıya Etkisi,” Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 2013 17 (3), 225-238. Recommended: *Shaw, Stanford J., “The nineteenth-century Ottoman tax reforms and revenue system,” Journal of Middle East Studies, pp. 421-460. [RPB0189 ] Nov1975, Vol. 6 Issue 4, p421-459. *Roderic H. Davison, Reform in the Ottoman Empire, 1856-1876 [DR569.D39] *Findley, Carter V., Bureaucratic Reform in the Ottoman Empire: the Sublime Porte, 1789-1922, (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, c1980). [JQ1806.Z1F55] *Shaw, Stanford J., Between old and new : the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Selim III, 1789-1807, (Harvard Middle Eastern studies) [DR559.S5 1971a].

Diplomacy * Roderic H. Davison, Nineteenth Century Ottoman Diplomacy and Reforms, (Istanbul: Isis Press, 1999). [DR557.D385 1999] * Fikret Adanir, “Turkey’s Entry into the Concert of Europe,” European Review (2005), 13:3:395-417. * Thomas Naff, “Reform and the conduct of Ottoman diplomacy in the reign of Selim III, 1789-1807,” Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 83, No. 3 (July-Sept. 1963), pp. 295-315. [RPB2552]

Education * Uzuncarsili Ismail Hakki, Osmanli Devletinin Ilmiye Teskilati, (Ankara: TTK, 1984). “Mesihat” pp. 207-222. + “III. Selim Zamaninda Ilmiye islahati hakkinda” pp. 255-260. * Somel, Selçuk Akşin, The modernization of public education in the Ottoman Empire, 1839-1908 (Brill, Leiden & Boston 2001). [LA941.7 .S66 2001]. * Sadrettin Celal Antel, “Tanzimat Maarifi,” Tanzimat Vol. I. pp. 441-467. * Alkan, Mehmet Ö., “Tanzimat'tan Cumhuriyet'e modernleşme sürecinde eğitim istatistikleri, 1839-1924/Education statistics in modernization from the Tanzimat to the Rebublic, 1839-1924, (Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü, 2000). [LA942.T3612 2000]

The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) and the 1908 Coup d’état * Feroz Ahmad, “The Young Turk Revolution,” * Şükrü Hanioğlu, “Notes on the Young Turks and the Freemasons, 1875-1908,” * Feroz Ahmad, “War and Society Under the young Turks, 1908-18,” Recommended: Şükrü Hanioğlu, The Young Turks in Opposition (Oxford University Press)

A view from the periphery // Anatolia - The Middle East, Egypt. * Sandra Naddaf, “Mirrored Images Rifa‘ah al-Tahtawi and the West,” * “Rifaah al-Tahtawi and the Beginnings of the Western Impact,” * Klaus, Kreiser, “Public Monuments in Turkey and Egypt, 1840-1916,” Recommended: *Ma'oz, Moshe, Ottoman Reform in Syria and Palestine, 1840-1861: the Impact of the Tanzimat on Politics and Society (Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1968) [DS97.5.M35 1968] *Commins, David Dean, Islamic reform: politics and social change in late Ottoman Syria, (New York : Oxford University Press, 1990) [BP63.S95C734 1990] *Rivlin, Helen Anne B., The Dar al-Watha'iq in `Abdin Palace at Cairo as a source for the study of the Modernization of Egypt in the Nineteenth Century, (Leiden: Brill, 1970) [CD2333.R58-1970].

Paper Presentations!

Paper Presentations!