Probability and Statistics for Engineers

MATH 230 is the course where you stop thinking deterministically and start reasoning about uncertainty — how to model random phenomena, quantify them with distributions, and pull defensible conclusions out of noisy data. You'll spend the semester working problem sets that move from counting and conditional probability through the standard discrete and continuous distributions, and finish by actually doing inference: sampling distributions, the Central Limit Theorem, point estimation, confidence intervals, and hypothesis testing. It's the statistical backbone every engineering department assumes you have before you touch signals, controls, ML, or any data-driven elective downstream.